Síndrome colestásico como forma de presentación de linfoma no Hodgkin. Reporte de un caso pediátrico / Cholestatic syndrome as a presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A pediatric case report

La ictericia colestásica se debe a la alteración de la secreción de bilirrubina conjugada; es una de las posibles causas la alteración del flujo biliar por obstrucción de la vía biliar extrahepática. El linfoma es la tercera neoplasia más frecuente en pediatría, mientras que los tumores pancreáticos son poco frecuentes y, en su mayoría, lesiones benignas. Las manifestaciones clínicas de los tumores de localización retroperitoneal son poco específicas y suelen ser tardías, por lo que la sospecha clínica debe ser alta. El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es presentar el caso de un niño de 7 años con síndrome colestásico en el que se halló un tumor en la cabeza del páncreas que comprimía la vía biliar extrahepática. El diagnóstico del tumor fue linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH). Se destaca la infrecuencia de este tumor en esta localización en la edad pediátrica

Cholestatic jaundice is due to an alteration in conjugated bilirubin secretion; a possible cause is an altered bile flow resulting from an obstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct. A lymphoma is the third most common neoplasm in pediatrics, while pancreatic tumors are rare and mostly benign. The clinical manifestations of retroperitoneal tumors are not very specific and are usually late, so a high level of clinical suspicion is required. The objective of this study is to describe the case of a 7-year-old boy with cholestatic syndrome with a tumor in the head of the pancreas compressing the extrahepatic bile duct. The tumor diagnosis was non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). It is worth noting that the presence of a tumor in this location in pediatric age is uncommon

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the common bile duct mimicking choledochal cyst: a rare cause of obstructive jaundice / 中国当代儿科杂志

Extrahepatic biliary tract tumors are rare and among them rhabdomyosarcoma is most common. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a soft tissue malignant musculoskeletal tumor and is a very rare malignancy of the common bile duct in children. It usually presents as obstructive jaundice and/or pruritus. If there is no local invasion to the adjacent tissues, the radiological appearance of the tumor lesion is like a choledochal cyst. So the diagnosis is usually made at surgery or by preoperative biopsy. It is important to diagnose early and differentiate it from choledochal cyst and start treatment as early as possible for long time survival of the patient. This case report presented a case of a 10-year-old boy with recurrent onset of obstructive jaundice and fever preoperatively who was diagnosed as choledochal cyst and postoperatively as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the common bile duct. After surgical resection and postoperative chemotherapy, the child had a good prognosis. So it is crucial to know that this rare tumor can mimic congenital choledochal cyst and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in children.

Ictericia obstructiva por neuroma de amputación de vía biliar: Reporte de caso / Obstructive ictericia by neuroma of amputation of via biliar: Case report

Los neuromas del conducto biliar se desarrollan a partir de las fibras nerviosas simpáticas y parasimpáticas que envuelven la pared de la vía biliar. Mujer de 44 años de edad con antecedente de colecistectomía convencional seis meses previos al ingreso acude a emergencia por ictericia obstructiva de 15 días de evolución. En los estudios de imagen impresiona la presencia de una masa a nivel de las vías biliares considerándose el diagnostico de una neoplasia maligna. Por los antecedentes, ausencia de marcadores tumorales se decide realizar una biopsia percutánea sin resultados concluyente, realizándose posteriormente una intervención quirúrgica con estudio anatomo-patológico compatible con neuroma de amputación de vía biliar. El neuroma de amputación a nivel de la vía biliar es un tumor infrecuente. Puede manifestarse clínicamente como una ictericia obstructiva y suele simular a un tumor maligno de las vías biliares. El manejo quirúrgico es el tratamiento definitivo.

Neuromas of the bile duct develop from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers that surround the wall of the bile duct. A 44-year-old woman with a history of conventional cholecystectomy six months prior to hospital admission attended emergency due to obstructive jaundice that lasted 15 days. In the imaging studies, the presence of a mass at the level of the bile ducts is considered, considering the diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm. Due to the antecedents, the absence of tumor markers, it was decided to perform a percutaneous biopsy without conclusive results, performing later a surgical intervention with anatomopathological study compatible with neuroma of biliary tract amputation. The amputation neuroma at the level of the bile duct is an infrequent tumor. It can manifest clinically as obstructive jaundice and usually simulates a malignant tumor of the bile ducts. Surgical management is the definitive treatment.

Lesiones iatrogénicas de las vías biliares / Iatrogenic lesions of the biliary tract

Las lesiones iatrogénicas de las vías biliares (LIVB) representan una complicación quirúrgica grave de la colecistectomía laparoscópica (CL). Ocurre frecuentemente cuando se confunde el conducto biliar con el conducto cístico; y han sido clasificados por Strasberg y Bismuth, según el grado y nivel de la lesión. Alrededor del tercio de las LIVB se reconocen durante la CL, al detectar fuga biliar. No es recomendable su reparación inmediata, especialmente cuando la lesión está próxima a la confluencia o existe inflamación asociada. El drenaje debe establecerse para controlar la fuga de bilis y prevenir la peritonitis biliar, antes de transferir al paciente a un establecimiento especializado en cirugía hepatobiliar compleja. En pacientes que no son reconocidos intraoperatoriamente, las LIVB manifiestan tardíamente fiebre postoperatoria, dolor abdominal, peritonitis o ictericia obstructiva. Si existe fuga biliar, debe hacerse una colangiografía percutánea para definir la anatomía biliar y controlar la fuga mediante stent biliar percutáneo. La reparación se realiza seis a ocho semanas después de estabilizar al paciente. Si hay obstrucción biliar, la colangiografía y drenaje biliar están indicados para controlar la sepsis antes de la reparación. El objetivo es restablecer el flujo de bilis al tracto gastrointestinal para impedir la formación de litos, estenosis, colangitis y cirrosis biliar. La hepáticoyeyunostomía con anastomosis en Y de Roux termino-lateral sin stents biliares a largo plazo, es la mejor opción para la reparación de la mayoría de las lesiones del conducto biliar común.

Iatrogenic bile duct injuries (IBDI) represent a serious surgical complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Often it occurs when the bile duct merges with the cystic duct; and they have been ranked by Strasberg and Bismuth, depending on the degree and level of injury. About third of IBDI recognized during LC, to detect bile leakage. No immediate repair is recommended, especially when the lesion is near the confluence or inflammation is associated. The drain should be established to control leakage of bile and prevent biliary peritonitis, before transferring the patient to a specialist in complex hepatobiliary surgery facility. In patients who are not recognized intraoperatively, the IBDI manifest late postoperative fever, abdominal pain, peritonitis or obstructive jaundice. If there is bile leak, percutaneous cholangiography should be done to define the biliary anatomy, and control leakage through percutaneous biliary stent. The repair is performed six to eight weeks after patient stabilization. If there is biliary obstruction, cholangiography and biliary drainage are indicated to control sepsis before repair. The ultimate aim is to restore the flow of bile into the gastrointestinal tract to prevent the formation of calculi, stenosis, cholangitis and biliary cirrhosis. Hepatojejunostomy with Roux-Y anastomosis termino-lateral without biliary stents long term, is the best choice for the repair of most common bile duct injury.

Cholangiohydatidosis: an Infrequent Cause of Obstructive Jaundice and Acute Cholangitis

ABSTRACT Background. One of the evolutionary complications of hepatic echinococcosis (HE) is cholangiohydatidosis, a rare cause of obstructive jaundice and cholangitis. The aim of this study was to describe the results of surgical treatment on a group of patients with cholangiohydatidosis and secondary cholangitis in terms of post-operative morbidity (POM). Material and method. Case series of patients operated on for cholangiohydatidosis and cholangitis in the Department at Surgery of the Universidad de La Frontera and the Clínica Mayor in Temuco, Chile between 2004 and 2014. The minimum follow-up time was six months. The principal outcome variable was the development of POM. Other variables of interest were age, sex, cyst diameter, hematocrit, leukocytes, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and transaminases, type of surgery, existence of concomitant evolutionary complications in the cyst, length of hospital stay, need for surgical re-intervention and mortality. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results. A total of 20 patients were studied characterized by a median age of 53 years, 50.0% female and 20.0% having two or more cysts with a mean diameter of 13.3 ± 6.3 cm. A median hospital stay of six days and follow-up of 34 months was recorded. POM was 30.0%, re-intervention rate was 10.0% and mortality rate was 5.0%. Conclusion. Cholangiohydatidosis is a rare cause of obstructive jaundice and cholangitis associated with significant rates of POM and mortality.(AU)

Morbilidad postoperatoria por colangiografía endoscópica retrógrada con o sin papilotomía ulterior: serie de casos / Postoperative morbidity by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with or without ulterior papillotomy: series of cases

La patología biliar litiásica es frecuente en nuestro país, con prevalencias entre 30% y 50%; y la ictericia obstructiva secundaria a coledocolitiasis (IOC), constituye un motivo de consulta frecuente en los servicios de urgencia. Por otra parte, la papilotomía endoscópica (PE) post colangiografía retrógrada endoscópica (CRE), constituye el tratamiento de elección en estos casos; sin embargo, es un procedimiento no exento de complicaciones. El objetivo de este estudio, es describir la MPO e identificar posibles factores de riesgo (FR) asociados a MPO, en pacientes con IOC, sometidos a PE. Serie de casos retrospectiva, de pacientes con IOC, a quienes se les realizó CRE y ulterior PE. La variable resultado fue desarrollo de MPO (hemorragia, perforación y pancreatitis). Otras variables de interés fueron canulación, dificultad de ésta, desarrollo de PE, uso de pre corte y mortalidad. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante una pauta ad-hoc, en la que se registraron las variables extraídas desde el protocolo operatorio y la ficha clínica. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y analítica (Chi2 de Pearson y exacto de Fisher) para estimar fuerza de asociación. Se intervinieron 200 pacientes. La Media de edad fue de 60±18 años; 62% eran mujeres (n= 124). Se registró MPO en 32 casos (16,0%): Perforación (0,5%), pancreatitis (2,0%) y hemorragia (13,5%). La serie no registró mortalidad. No se logró objetivar asociación entre la variable "canulación difícil" y las variables hemorragia (p= 0,214); pancreatitis (p= 0,519); ni perforación (p= 1). Sin embargo, se verificó asociación entre el desarrollo de hemorragia y la realización de PE (p= 0,017). La hemorragia es la MPO más frecuente en esta serie; y la PE es un FR para el desarrollo de hemorragia.

Bileduct stones is prevalent in our country, with prevalences between 30% and 50%; and obstructive jaundice secondary to choledocholithiasis (OJC), is a frequent reason of consultation in emergency services. Furthermore, endoscopic papillotomy (EP) post ERCP is the treatment of choice in these cases; however, it is not free of complications (POM). The aim of this study is to describe POM and identify potential risk factors (RF) associated with POM in patients with OJC, underwent PE. Retrospective case series of patients with OJC, who underwent ERCP and subsequent PE. Outcome variable was the development of POM (bleeding, perforation, and pancreatitis). Other variables of interest were cannulation, difficulty of this, developing PE, using precut and mortality. Data collection was performed by an ad-hoc pattern in which the variables extracted from surgical protocols and clinical data were recorded. Descriptive and analytical statistics (Pearson Chi2 and Fisher's exact test) were applied to assess strength of association. 200 patients were operated. The mean age was 60±18 years; 62% were women (n = 124). MPO was recorded in 32 cases (16.0%): perforation (0.5%), pancreatitis (2.0%) and bleeding (13.5%). The series does not record mortality. It was not possible to objectify association between "difficult cannulation" and the variables bleeding (p= 0.214); pancreatitis (p= 0.519); and perforation (p= 1). However, association between bleeding and performing PE (p= 0.017) was observed. Hemorrhage is the most common cause of MPO in this series; and PE is a RF for the development of bleeding.

Coledocolitiasis múltiples y colangitis en paciente con quiste de colédoco: a propósito de un caso / Multiple choledocholithiasis and cholangitis in a patient with choledochal cyst: a case report

INTRODUCCIÓN: El quiste de colédoco (QC) es una patología infrecuente, caracterizada por una dilatación de vía biliar intra o extrahepática. Constituye una lesión congénita, representado 1% de las lesiones biliares benignas. Tiene una incidencia de 1 en 100.000 a 150.000 habitantes. Es más frecuente en mujeres, y su etiología es desconocida. En adultos los síntomas son inespecíficos; predominando dolor abdominal e ictericia. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Mujer de 61 años con cólico abdominal en hipocondrio derecho de tres días, vómitos e ictericia. Al ingreso hospitalario presentaba leucocitosis, hiperbilirrubinemia, aumento de fosfatasa alcalina, transaminasas y amilasa. Se plantearon los diagnósticos de ictericia obstructiva, pancreatitis y quiste hidatídico complicado, por lo que se realiza tomografía computada (TC) de abdomen evidenciando dilatación sacular intra y extrahepática, compatible con QC tipo IV-a. Se realizó colecistectomía y coledocostomía con sonda T de urgencia por evolución a colangitis con resultados favorables. DISCUSIÓN: Los QC son una causa rara de ictericia obstructiva. En Chile existen escasos datos estadísticos al respecto. Se manifiesta con una sintomatología inespecífica, sobretodo en adultos. El diagnóstico se realiza con hallazgos de laboratorio concordantes con ictericia colestásica, donde los estudios imagenológicos como ultrasonido y TC tienen un rol importante, pese a que en algunas ocasiones pueden pasar inadvertido. Es primordial un alto índice de sospecha para el diagnóstico y un tratamiento oportuno debido a su importante riesgo de progresión a colangiocarcinoma

INTRODUCTION: Choledochal cysts (CCs) is a rare disease characterized by dilatation of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct, which is about 1% of all benign biliary lesions. Its incidence is 1:100,000 to 150,000 habitants. It is more common in females, and its etiology is unknown. In adults the symptoms are nonspecific, predominantly abdominal pain and jaundice. CASE REPORT: 61 year old female patient with three days of severe abdominal colic in the right upper quadrant, whit both vomiting and jaundice. On admission, she presents leukocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, and increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, transaminases and amylase. Diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis and complicated hydatid cyst arising. The abdominal CT Scan reveals intra and extrahepatic saccular dilatations, compatible with a type IV-a CCs. Both cholecystectomy and T-tube choledochotomy were done by evolution to cholangitis with favorable results and satisfactory postoperative. DISCUSSION: CCs is a rare cause of obstructive jaundice, and in this regard, there are few data described in Chile, Its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion because of its nonspecific symptoms found mostly in adults. Despite this, the diagnosis is determined with laboratory findings consistent with cholestatic jaundice and support diagnostic imaging such as ultrasound, CT Scan, among others. Although the imaging findings, it may not be detected. A correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment is essential because of its high risk of progression to cholangiocarcinoma. Currently the patient is waiting for resection of extrahepatic bile duct and Roux-en-Y hepatic jejunostomy which is the optimal treatment.

Ictericia febril colestásica como forma de presentación de linfoma de Hodgkin / Febrile cholestatic jaundice as an initial manifestation of Hodgkin's disease

La ictericia febril colestásica como forma de presentación de los linfomas de Hodgkin es un cuadro muy infrecuente. Describimos aquí un caso de síndrome febril prolongado asociado a ictericia progresiva, en el que el diagnóstico de la enfermedad se realiza a través de la biopsia hepática, dada la ausencia de afectación ganglionar que caracteriza a esta enfermedad. Destacamos asimismo el cuadro clínico avanzado y el compromiso multisistémico de una enfermedad rápidamente evolutiva.

The febrile cholestatic disease as a presentation of Hodgkin's lymphoma is a very unusual condition. We describe here the case of a patient with prolonged fever of unknown origin and progressive jaundice, in whom the diagnosis was made with the analysis of a liver biopsy, given the absence of lymph node involvement that characterizes this disease. We remark the severe and multisystemic involvement of this rapidly progressive disease.

Acute Obstructive Cholangitis Complicated by Tumor Migration after Transarterial Chemoembolization: A Case Report and Literature Review / 대한소화기학회지

Intraductal tumor invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered rare. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is effective for tumor thrombus of HCC in the bile duct. However, a few cases of obstructive jaundice caused by migration of a tumor fragment after TACE have recently been reported. The aim of this study was to identify factors that affect tumor migration after TACE. At this writing, a review of the medical literature disclosed seven reported cases of biliary obstruction caused by migration of a necrotic tumor cast after TACE. We, herein, report on an additional case of acute obstructive cholangitis complicated by migration of a necrotic tumor cast after TACE for intrabile duct invasion of HCC, in a 71-year-old man. The tumor cast in the common bile duct was removed successfully using a basket during ERCP and was pathologically confirmed to be a completely necrotic fragment of HCC. The patient's symptoms showed dramatic improvement. In summary, physicians should be aware of acute obstructive cholangitis complicated by tumor migration in a patient undergoing TACE. We suggest that an intrabile duct invasion would be a major predisposing factor of tumor migration after TACE and drainage procedures such as ERCP or percutaneous transbiliary drainage could be effective treatment modalities in these patients.

Metastatic Common Bile Duct Cancer from Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Obstructive Jaundice / 대한소화기학회지

We report an extremely rare case of metastatic common bile duct cancer from pulmonary adenocarcinoma presenting as obstructive jaundice. The patient was a 76-year-old male, who presented with generalized weakness and right upper quadrant pain. Plain chest X-ray noted multiple small nodules in both lung fields. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a stricture of the mid common bile duct along with ductal wall enhancement. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed a concentric, abrupt narrowing of the mid-common bile duct suggestive of primary bile duct cancer. However, pathology comfirmed metastatic common bile duct cancer arising from pulmonary adenocarcinoma with immunohistochemical study with thyroid transcriptional factor-1 (TTF-1).

Hemorrhagic cholecystitis presenting as obstructive jaundice

No abstract available.

A Case of Hepatic Peribiliary Cysts in a Patient with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis / 대한소화기학회지

Hepatic peribiliary cysts (HPCs) are characterized by cystic dilatations of the peribiliary glands located throughout the branches of the biliary systems. Specifically, they are mainly located along the hepatic hilum and major portal tracts. The natural history and prognosis of HPCs are uncertain. In fact, almost all HPCs have been discovered incidentally during radiological examination or autopsy, and they are considered to be clinically harmless. Recently, several cases of HPCs associated with obstructive jaundice or liver failure were reported in patients with pre-existing liver disease in several studies. However, until now there have been no reports of such a case in Korea. Herein, we report a case of HPCs that show a disease course with a poor prognosis. These HPCs developed in a 47-year-old man with progressive alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Pseudoaneurisma de la arteria hepática propia: reporte de un caso / Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of hepatic artery: case report

Los aneurismas de la arteria hepática son relativamente poco frecuentes y representan del 16 al 20 % de los aneurismas de las arterias viscerales. Las manifestaciones clínicas no son específicas y pueden incluir dolor abdominal, hemorragia digestiva alta o ictericia obstructiva, como el caso que se presenta. Caso clínico: presenta el caso de un hombre de 17 años remitido por ictericia obstructiva; se determinó que la patología causante era un pseudoaneurisma de más de 30 mm. de diámetro en la arteria hepática propia, de origen traumático. La evolución fue tórpida por las lesiones asociadas, pese a la colaboración intensiva de distintas especialidades y al tratamiento electivo. Conclusiones: este tipo de aneurisma ocurre con muy poca frecuencia y tiene un pronóstico muy incierto. El tratamiento debe ser necesariamente individual para cada caso. La ictericia constituyó el signo de debut e indicó la gravedad del pseudoaneurisma de la arteria hepática, cuyo pronóstico es incierto, precisando tratamiento individualizado. Debe seleccionarse cuidadosamente el abordaje que requiere cada paciente, y aunque la vía endovascular es una opción, a veces es imposible recurrir a ella por la complejidad de la localización de la lesión, de ahí la necesidad de que el cirujano posea experiencia en el eje hepatobiliar y su vascularización.

Ictericia obstructiva secundaria a tumor de células granulares de la vía biliar extrahepática / Obstuctive jaundice secondary to extrahepatic bile ducts granular cell tumor

Bile ducts granular cell tumor is a rare entity. Of neural origin, mostly benign, may, however, present mimicking malignancy. We report a 32 years old female presenting with painless jaundice and extrahepatic bile ducts stenosis confirmed with MRC. Extrahepatic bile ducts resection is performed. Reconstruction involves four independent ducts to a Roux en Y enteric loop. She has a good postoperative outcome, with no evidence of complications nor recurrence at 17 months of follow up.

El tumor de células granulares en la vía biliar es una neoplasia rara de origen neural, en su mayoría benigna y cuya presentación puede sugerir patología maligna. Objetivo: Se presenta el caso clínico, características anatomopatológicas, manejo y evolución de una paciente joven que se presenta con ictericia obstructiva por estenosis subcarinal biliar. Paciente y Método: Paciente 32 años, sexo femenino, con ictericia, coluria y prurito. Diagnóstico de estenosis biliar y dilatación de vía biliar intrahepática se confirma con colangiorresonancia magnética. Se realiza resección de vía biliar extrahepática desde supracarinal que incluye vía biliar distal. Reconstitución bilioentérica a Y de Roux que involucra cuatro conductos intrahepáticos. Evoluciona en forma satisfactoria en el postoperatorio. El seguimiento alejado a 17 meses revela una satisfactoria condición de la paciente, sin signos de complicación o recidiva. Conclusión: El manejo por un equipo de experiencia multidisciplinario nos permitió ayudar a una paciente con rara patología, benigna en lo histológico, pero que puede representar un gran desafío técnico.

Periampullary carcinoid: An uncommon tumor at an unusual site.

Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors represent a group of well-differentiated tumors originating from various neuroendocrine cells located in the gastrointestinal mucosa and submucosa. Consequently, there is diversity in their clinical presentation, incidence at specific anatomic sites, biological behavior, hormone production, morphologic characteristics, and immunophenotype. Periampullary carcinoids are extremely rare and less then 100 patients have been reported in the world literature, that too mostly as case reports. We are reporting two cases of periampullary carcinoids, one of which presented with rare manifestation as gastrointestinal bleed and both are doing well after successful pancreatoduodenectomy.

Comparative study between ligature with thread or metallic clamping by means of laparoscopy with the purpose of experimental biliary obstruction in swines / Estudo comparativo entre ligadura com fio ou clampeamento metálico por videolaparoscopia para obstrução biliar experimental em suínos

PURPOSE: To induce a total extra-hepatic obstructive jaundice in swines, by ligation of the common bile duct by laparoscopic surgery. METHODS: Eight swines of the Landrace race, 36-day-old, originated from the same matrix, distributed in two groups. Group A: was used titanium metal clip to the common bile duct ligation in three animals; group B: were ligated with 2-0 cotton thread in five animals. RESULTS: The ligation of the biliary ducts was performed successfully in all animals, with easy identification of the common bile duct by laparoscopy. There weren't difficulties in the procedures, mainly due to the increased surgical field provided by the excellent quality of light and image of the appliance. The clinical signs of jaundice were evident in the animals in seven days. In group A, two animals showed bile duct perforation near the clip, probably due to ischemic necrosis, progressing to peritonitis and death. In group B, five animals showed obstructive jaundice without any amendment. CONCLUSION: Under the conditions of this study, we therefore recommend the use of unabsorbed wires to experimental biliary obstruction, in order to avoid complications, such as ischemia and necrosis, followed by perforation of the wall of the bile ducts.

OBJETIVO: Induzir um quadro de icterícia obstrutiva extrahepática total em suínos, através da ligadura no ducto colédoco por meio de cirurgia videolaparoscópica. MÉTODOS: Oito suínos da raça Landrace, com 36 dias de idade, originários da mesma matriz, foram distribuídos em dois grupos. Grupo A: utilizou-se clipe metálico de titânio para ligadura do ducto colédoco em três animais; grupo B: foi feita a ligadura com fio de algodão 2-0 em cinco animais. RESULTADOS: A ligadura da via biliar principal foi realizada com sucesso em todos os animais, com fácil identificação do colédoco por videolaparoscopia. Não houve dificuldades nos procedimentos, principalmente devido ao aumento do campo cirúrgico proporcionado pela qualidade de luz e imagem do aparelho. Os sinais clínicos indicativos de icterícia foram evidentes nos animais em sete dias. No grupo A, dois animais apresentaram perfuração coledociana junto ao clipe por provável isquemia e necrose, evoluindo com coleperitônio e óbito. No grupo B, os cinco animais apresentaram quadro de icterícia obstrutiva sem qualquer alteração. CONCLUSÃO: Nas condições desse estudo, recomenda-se a utilização de fios inabsorvíveis para obstrução experimental das vias biliares, a fim de evitar complicações, como isquemia e necrose, seguida de perfuração da parede das vias biliares.

Successful Treatment of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Combined with Transarterial Chemolipiodolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Biliary Obstruction

Conventional radiation therapy (RT) is a widely recognized treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, conventional RT plays only a limited role in HCC treatment because of its low efficacy and the low tolerance of the liver for this modality. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) was recently developed and represents the most advanced radiation therapy technique currently available. It can deliver a high dose in a short time to well-defined hepatic tumors, with rapid dose fall-off gradients. We believe that SBRT with transarterial chemolipiodolization (TACL) may prove promising as a combined treatment modality for HCC due to its precision and relative safety. Here we present a case of successful treatment of advanced HCC with obstructive jaundice using this combined modality.

Papilomatose das vias biliares / Biliary papillomatosis

A papilomatose das vias biliares (PVB) é uma afecção rara, descrita inicialmente por Caroli, em 1959. Até o ano de 2001, apenas cerca de 50 casos foram descritos na literatura mundial. O diagnóstico da PVB dificilmente é realizado no pré-operatório, pois os achados de exames de imagem e endoscópicos quase sempre são inespecíficos, e muitas vezes apenas sugerem o diagnóstico de neoplasia das vias biliares. O objetivo da presente publicação é relatar um caso de PVB tratado por hepatectomia esquerda com o diagnóstico provável de colangiocarcinoma da confluência dos hepáticos. O diagnóstico definitivo de PVB só foi estabelecido após estudo anatomopatológico da peça cirúrgica. São comentados aspectos relacionados ao diagnóstico diferencial, às opões de tratamento propostas para a PVB, bem como o prognóstico dos pacientes submetidos à ressecção.

Biliary papillomatosis (BP) is a rare disease, initially described for Caroli, in 1959. Until the year of 2001, only about 50 cases had been described in world-wide literature. The diagnosis of the BP hardly is carried through in pre-operatory, therefore the findings of image examinations and endoscopies almost always are not specifics, and many times only suggest diagnosis of neoplasia of biliary ducts. The objective of present publication is to relate a case of BP treated for left hepatectomy with probable diagnosis of cholangiocarcionoma of hepatics ducts confluence. Definitive diagnosis of BP alone was established after anatomopathological study of surgical specimen. Aspects related to differential diagnosis, treatment options proposals for the BP, as well as prognostic of the patients submitted to surgery are commented.

Large pancreatic hydatid cyst presenting with obstructive jaundice

Primary hydatid disease of the pancreas is very rare. We report about the case of a 38-year-old man who presented with jaundice, abdominal pain and epigastric mass. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography [CT] scan demonstrated a large, thick-walled pancreatic cystic mass compressing the common bile duct and causing obstructive jaundice. The treatment involved eccentration and the resection of the protruding mass by cystogastrostomy. The procedure was successful and no recurrence of complication occurred postoperatively. Hydatid disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all cystic masses in the pancreas, especially in the geographical regions where the disease is endemic